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Page numbers of text continue running consecutively through Notes. REMEMBER!! Single-space within notes double-space between notes.Įndnotes should be placed in a separate section entitled Notes (not Endnotes) at the end of the entire paper and immediately preceding the bibliography. Or type the number on the same line follow it with a period, two spaces, and the note. Leave no space between the superscript and the first word in the note. Subsequent lines start at the left margin. Indent the first line of each note 5-8 spaces (depending on indentation you are using for paragraphs in the text). Place the superscript before a dash but after all other marks of punctuation. Leave no space between the superscript (note number) in the text and the word or mark of punctuation it follows. (For example, MS Word conflicts with the Chicago Manual of Style rules on endnote numbering.) However, you should check to see that the default settings match the discipline’s rules. Most word processing programs are already set to correctly place footnotes at the bottom of the page or endnotes at the end of your paper. PLACEMENT OF THE FOOTNOTE/ENDNOTE ON THE PAGE See the excellent Turabian/ Chicago Manual of Style online guides (for print and electronic resources) prepared by the UMW Library staff by clicking here. Historians use Turabian or the Chicago Manual of Style, both of which provide guidelines for the format of the footnote/endnote citations. For cases and legislation, a short title may be used followed by a cross-reference (n) in parentheses.GENERAL RULE: WHEN IN DOUBT ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT YOU NEED A CITATION FOR SOMETHING, CITE IT. Use ‘n’ to refer to a source that has been cited in a previous footnote other than the immediately preceding one. See the examples of repeat citations using ‘ibid’ provided below. If you refer to the same source as in the immediately preceding footnote but to a different page or section, use ‘ibid’ followed by the pinpoint reference, that is, the different page or section number. The pinpoint reference should not be repeated. If there is a pinpoint reference, that is, a reference to a specific place in the cited text, and the next footnote is to the same work and to the same place in the cited text, use ‘ibid’. ‘Ibid’ should always be capitalised when it appears at the start of a footnote.

'Ibid' should not be used where there are multiple sources in the preceding footnote. Use ‘ibid’ to refer to a source in the immediately preceding footnote, including any pinpoints. ‘Ibid’ is an abbreviatio n of the Latin term ‘ibidem’, meaning ‘in the same place’. For more guidance, see rule 1.4 in the full AGLC4 manual online. The terms ‘ibid’ and ‘n’ are used to refer to previous citations. When a particular source is cited more than once in a paper, the full bibliographic details should not be provided each time in a footnote.